![]() In 2007, the budget of R&AW is speculated to be as high as US$150 million to as low as US$100 million. In the early seventies, its annual budget had risen to ₹300 million (US$3.8 million) while its personnel numbered several thousand. R&AW started as a wing of the main Intelligence Bureau with 250 employees and an annual budget of ₹20 million (US$250,467.10). Strong in crisis management, weak in crisis prevention." Strong in investigation, weak in prevention. Strong in technical intelligence, weak in human intelligence. Strong in low and medium-grade intelligence, weak in high-grade intelligence. Raman has criticised the agency for its asymmetric growth "while being strong in its capability for covert action it is weak in its capability for intelligence collection, analysis and assessment. Noted security analyst and former Additional Secretary B. R&AW also suffers from ethnic imbalances in the officer level. The main controversy which has plagued R&AW in recent years is over bureaucratisation of the system with allegations about favouritism in promotions, corruption, ego clashes, no financial accountability, inter-departmental rivalry, etc. Such fears were kept at bay by the R&AW's able leadership (although detractors of R&AW and especially the Janata Party have accused the agency of letting itself be used for terrorising and intimidating opposition during the 1975–1977 Emergency). Fears arose that it could turn into the KGB of India. įrom its inception R&AW has been criticised for being an agency not answerable to the people of India (R&AW reports to Prime Minister only). : 259 The R&AW was given the responsibility for strategic external intelligence, human as well as technical, plus concurrent responsibility with the Directorate-General of Military Intelligence for tactical trans-border military intelligence up to a certain depth across the Line of control (LOC) and the international border. Kao was appointed as the chief of India's first foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing. ![]() Kao, then a deputy director of the Intelligence Bureau, submitted a blueprint for the new agency. The Indira Gandhi administration decided that a full-fledged second security service was needed. Around the end of 1966 the concept of a separate foreign intelligence agency began to take concrete shape.įormation of R&AW in 1968 to present After the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, the Chief of Army Staff, General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri, also called for more intelligence-gathering. Foreign intelligence failure during the 1962 Sino-Indian War led then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to order a dedicated foreign intelligence agency to be established. In 1949, Pillai organised a small foreign intelligence operation, but the Indian debacle in the Sino-Indian War of 1962 showed it to be ineffective. ![]() Having been depleted of trained manpower by the exit of the British after Indian independence, Pillai tried to run the bureau on MI5 lines. In 1947, after independence, Sanjeevi Pillai took over as the first Indian Director of the IB. In 1933, sensing the political turmoil in the world which eventually led to the Second World War, the Intelligence Bureau's responsibilities were increased to include the collection of intelligence along India's borders. Prior to the inception of the Research and Analysis Wing, overseas intelligence collection was primarily the responsibility of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), which was created by the Government of India during British Raj. ![]() On an administrative basis, the Director reports to the Cabinet Secretary, who reports to the Prime Minister. The head of R&AW is designated as the Secretary (Research) in the Cabinet Secretariat, and is under the authority of the Prime Minister of India without parliamentary oversight. Headquartered in New Delhi, R&AW's current chief is Samant Goel. ![]() ĭuring the nine-year tenure of its first Secretary, Rameshwar Nath Kao, R&AW quickly came to prominence in the global intelligence community, playing a role in major events such as accession of the state of Sikkim to India in 1975. It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. The Research and Analysis Wing (abbreviated R&AW Hindi: अनुसंधान और विश्लेषण विंग) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. ![]()
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